Because these techniques use optical materials to disperse and focus the radiation, they often are identi. Basic principles and instruments of atomic spectroscopy. Analytical working ranges for the major atomic spectroscopy techniques. The elements present in the sample are converted to gaseous atoms or elementary ions by a process called atomization. The nature of the atomic population and hence the signals obtained in atomic spectrochemical methods depend on the type of atomizer employed and often the method of sample introduction. Qualitative analysis is easy in atomic spectroscopy. Optical atomic spectroscopy chapter 8 introduction sample is atomized atomsions. Atomic spectroscopy an overview sciencedirect topics. Atomic absorption spectroscopy aas is a quantitative spectroanalytical procedure for the determination of chemical elements using the absorption of optical radiation by free atoms in the gaseous state welz and sperling, 2008. An introduction to optical spectroscopy by andrew hind. Analytical atomic spectrometry embraces a multitude of techni ques of. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext.
With continuous sample introduction the sample is constantly introduced in the form of droplets, a dry aerosol, or a vapor. Need free atoms in the gas phase for atomic analysis. Atomic spectroscopy in the three variations that are most commonly used in spectrochemical analysis, atomic absorption, atomic emission and atomic fluorescence, are all mature techniques, with their particular areas of strengths and weaknesses now well recognized. The portion of an atomic absorption spectrometers optical system which conveys the light from the. An introduction to optical atomic spectroscopy atomic spectroscopic methods are used for elemental analysis for identification and quantitation. A third field in atomic spectroscopy is atomic fluorescence. Basic principles of atomic absorption and atomic emission spectroscopy.
For convenience we will use the simpler term spectroscopy. Analyte atoms in solution are aspirated into the excitation region where they are desolvated, vaporized, and atomized by a flame, discharge, or plasma. Atomic absorption is based on the fact that an atom in the vapor state will absorb light of certain frequencies as a unique characteristic of that specific atom. The focus of this chapter is on the interaction of ultraviolet, visible, and infrared radiation with matter. Optical atomic spectrometry comprises techniques based on photon absorption, emission, or fluorescence, which can be further classified according to the. Concepts, instrumentation and techniques in atomic absorption. Chakrabarti, in encyclopedia of spectroscopy and spectrometry third edition, 2017.
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